About Crete
Crete is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica. Crete is located about 100 km (62 mi) south of mainland Greece, about 280 km (180 mi) from the coast of Libya, and about 300 km (190 mi) southwest of the Anatolia peninsula of Turkey. Crete has an area of 8,450 km2 (3,260 sq mi) and a coastline of 1,046 km (650 mi). Crete covers 260 km from west to east but is narrow from north to south.
Crete was the center of Europe’s first advanced civilization, the Minoans, from 2700 to 1420 BC. The Minoan civilization was overrun by the Mycenaean civilization from mainland Greece. Crete was later ruled by Rome, then successively by the Byzantine Empire, Andalusian Arabs, the Venetian Republic, and the Ottoman Empire. In 1898 Crete achieved independence from the Ottomans, formally becoming the Cretan State. Crete later became part of Greece in December 1913.
The island is mostly mountainous, and its character is defined by a high mountain range crossing from west to east. It includes Crete’s highest point, Mount Ida, and the range of the White Mountains (Lefka Ori) with thirty summits above 2,000 meters (6,600 ft) in altitude and the Samaria Gorge, a World Biosphere Reserve. Crete forms a significant part of the economy and cultural heritage of Greece, while retaining its own local cultural traits. The Nikos Kazantzakis airport at Heraklion and the Daskalogiannis airport at Chania serve international travelers.
Tourism in Crete
Crete is one of the most popular holiday destinations in Greece. Popular tourist attractions include the archaeological sites of the Minoan civilization at Knossos in Heraklion, the Venetian old city and port of Chania, the Venetian Fortress at Rethymno, the Samaria Gorge (longest in Europe), the islands of Chrysi, Elafonisi, Gramvousa, Spinalonga and the Palm Beach of Vai, which is the largest natural palm forest in Europe.
Olive Oil
Cretan Olive Oil has been the hidden secret in the world of olive oil producers, consumers and top chefs. The ancient land of Crete is home to over 30 million olive trees and the Cretans make full use of the abundant fruit and have been cultivating the olive tree since 3500 BC during the early Minoan period. The legendary vibrant health and long lives of the Cretans has been attributed, in part, to their vast consumption of their home grown olive oil as part of the traditional Cretan diet. Cretans consume far more olive oil than any other population in the world, which leaves very little of this “elixir of life” for the export market.
The Cretans
The people of Crete are known for their unique blend of cultural influences, warm hospitality, and deep connection to their land and traditions. Cretans have a distinct identity shaped by the island’s long history, which includes the Minoan civilization, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Venetian, and Ottoman rule. Cretans are known for their fierce independence and pride in their island and heritage. This is reflected in their history of resistance to foreign rule, particularly during the Ottoman occupation and World War II. Their sense of honor, loyalty, and courage is deeply rooted in their identity. Family plays a central role in Cretan society. Cretans have close-knit family structures, and respect for elders is highly valued. Traditions and customs are passed down through generations, and social gatherings often revolve around family celebrations. Cretans are famous for their hospitality, known as “philoxenia,” which means love for strangers. Visitors to the island are often welcomed with open arms, treated to food, drink, and conversation, and made to feel like part of the community. This hospitality is a core part of Cretan culture. Many Cretans, especially in rural areas, live close to the land. Agriculture, particularly the cultivation of olives, grapes, and other Mediterranean crops, is an important part of life. Shepherding and mountain life also play a significant role in traditional Cretan culture, with a strong sense of connection to the island’s rugged terrain. Cretan music, particularly the “lyra” (a traditional string instrument), is central to the island’s cultural identity. Music and dance are important in celebrations, and Cretans have their own folk dances, like the “pentozali.” The island’s oral traditions, including mantinades (rhyming couplets), are another rich aspect of the culture. The majority of Cretans are Greek Orthodox Christians, and religious festivals and traditions are integral to life on the island. Easter, in particular, is celebrated with great fervor. Many families also have a strong connection to local monasteries and churches. Cretans are known for their Mediterranean diet, which is considered one of the healthiest in the world. It includes olive oil, fresh vegetables, fruits, fish, and herbs. Meals are a communal affair, often accompanied by local wine or “raki” (a strong distilled spirit). While Crete’s cities like Heraklion and Chania are modern and cosmopolitan, much of the island remains rural. People in the countryside are often more traditional, preserving old customs and ways of life. They live in small villages where communal ties are strong, and traditions are maintained.
Is Crete a Safe Place to Visit?
Crete is generally considered a very safe destination for travelers. It is the largest of the Greek islands and offers a welcoming and friendly atmosphere. The crime rate in Crete is low, especially for violent crimes. Petty theft, such as pick pocketing, may occur in tourist-heavy areas, but it’s not very common as it is in other places such as Athens or mainland Europe. Crete is a popular tourist destination, so locals are accustomed to helping visitors. Tourist services, hotels, and restaurants are generally reliable and safe. Driving in Crete can be a bit tricky. Roads are often narrow and in the case of roads through the mountains they can be somewhat treacherous. Local drivers may drive faster or more aggressively than you might expect, which is especially the case with scooter riders in the cities. The island’s diverse landscape offers hiking, beaches, and more adventurous activities, but you should be aware of natural risks like rough seas, strong sun, or remote hiking areas. Always take precautions like bringing water, sun protection, and letting someone know where you’re going. Quite seriously, you are far more likely to become a potential victim of the extreme heat during the height of the summer than to be a victim of a crime, so please take the prior sentence seriously. During the summer months it’s best to conduct rigorous outdoor activities during the early morning or early evening hours.
The Economy
Greece experienced a major debt crisis beginning in 2009, which led to years of austerity, high unemployment, and economic contraction. It has required multiple bailouts from the European Union and International Monetary Fund and implemented harsh fiscal measures to stabilize the economy. While Greece’s economy shrank significantly during this period, it has started to gradually recover. While the cost of living is considered to be very low for ex-patriots from other countries who have outside sources of income, for Greeks and especially Cretans it is considered to be relatively one of the highest for citizens when comparing income vs. the cost of living. Greece is considered to be one of the poorest countries in the European Union, behind other countries such as Albania. To provide a specific example, a police officer in Chania typically earns only $1,100 Euros per month, which is barely enough to support a family. With this in mind, please be very mindful of this and don’t “flaunt” your relative wealth as an American or German, but instead be generous when appropriate to your Greek hosts. European tipping rules apply (not the typical American 15-20% that we pay for crappy service), so when someone helps you out, a good way to show your appreciation is with some extra Euros. Shop local, and when visiting souvenir shops make sure that what you purchase is made locally and not in China. In general, products made in Greece are high quality items, made by real artisans and craftsman.
The Weather in Crete
Crete, the largest of the Greek islands, boasts a diverse landscape and a climate that changes throughout the year. From sun-soaked beaches to snow-capped mountains, Crete Weather offers a unique experience for every season. Let’s delve into the weather month by month, including average temperatures.
January weather marks the heart of winter in Crete. While temperatures are relatively mild compared to northern Europe, you’ll still experience cooler weather, especially in the mountainous regions. Average temperatures range from 9°C to 15°C (48°F to 59°F). Rainfall is moderate, and you might even catch a glimpse of snow on the highest peaks.
Similar to January, February continues the winter theme. The chance of precipitation remains, but the island starts to awaken from its winter slumber. Blossoming almond trees add a touch of pink and white to the landscape. Average temperatures range from 9°C to 15°C (48°F to 59°F).
As March unfolds, milder temperatures ranging from 10°C to 16°C (50°F to 61°F) herald the arrival of spring weather. Wildflowers paint the countryside with a vibrant palette, offering a breathtaking backdrop for exploration. This is an excellent time for outdoor activities before the peak tourist season. Note that Crete often experiences dust storms originating from the Sahara desert during late March and early April.
April is a delightful month in Crete. The weather warms up, and the island becomes a haven for nature lovers. Green landscapes, blooming flowers, and sunny days create the perfect atmosphere for exploration. Average temperatures range from 12°C to 19°C (54°F to 66°F).
May marks the beginning of the tourist season, with warm temperatures and clear skies. The sea becomes inviting for swimming, and outdoor events and festivals kick off. Average temperatures range from 15°C to 23°C (59°F to 73°F).
June is the epitome of summer in Crete. The weather is hot and dry, perfect for sunbathing and water activities. The island is bustling with life, and the evenings are warm and pleasant. Average temperatures range from 19°C to 27°C (66°F to 81°F).
July continues the summer heat, reaching its peak with temperatures between 22°C and 29°C (72°F to 84°F). Beaches are crowded, and the nightlife is in full swing, making it an ideal time for a sun-soaked vacation.
August brings the scorching embrace of summer, with temperatures soaring between 23°C and 30°C (73°F to 86°F). The beaches are at their busiest, and the island pulses with energy, creating an atmosphere of vibrant nightlife and lively gatherings.
As summer transitions to autumn, September offers a pleasant change with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 28°C (68°F to 82°F). The crowds thin out, but the warm sea remains inviting, creating a tranquil atmosphere for exploration.
October signals the end of the tourist season, introducing cooler temperatures ranging from 16°C to 24°C (61°F to 75°F). Occasional rain showers bring a refreshing touch to the island, creating an excellent time for cultural exploration and connection with the locals.
November marks the beginning of the Cretan winter, with temperatures ranging from 13°C to 20°C (55°F to 68°F). While temperatures drop, it’s a suitable time for exploring historical sites and enjoying the island’s natural beauty.
December brings winter to Crete, with cooler temperatures ranging from 11°C to 16°C (52°F to 61°F). A chance of precipitation creates a quiet ambiance on the island, making it ideal for those seeking a peaceful escape.